What challenges does the GCE face in urban warfare environments?

The challenges faced by the Ground Combat Element (GCE) in urban warfare environments include close-quarters combat and the presence of civilians. Urban areas are characterized by densely populated spaces where combat often occurs in confined areas, making it difficult for forces to maneuver and utilize their equipment effectively. This type of combat typically involves a high risk of collateral damage, as engagements can occur in close proximity to non-combatants.

The presence of civilians complicates the tactical situation further, as forces must differentiate between combatants and non-combatants, necessitating high levels of situational awareness and adherence to rules of engagement. This also puts a premium on precision strike capabilities to minimize civilian casualties while still achieving mission objectives. Additionally, urban environments pose unique challenges related to sightlines, cover, and concealment, which influence engagement tactics. Overall, these factors underscore the distinct difficulties the GCE encounters when operating in urban settings.